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Isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) is common in HIV-infected patients. In one study, 42% of HIV-infected patients who tested negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg were positive for anti-HBc (Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:1602). Some patients who test positive for isolated anti-HBc have occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, defined as detectable HBV DNA in the absence of detectable HBsAg; however, estimates of the prevalence of occult HBV infection in this setting vary from 0% to 33%. Having previously assessed predictors of isolated anti-HBc among participants in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (ACC May 14 2007), investigators now report the prevalence and outcome of occult HBV in…