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Antiretroviral use during pregnancy, use of peripartum prophylaxis, and avoidance of breast-feeding have all contributed to very low rates of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in developed countries. Nevertheless, transmission does occur, even in mothers with suppressed viral loads at the time of delivery. Are there factors during pregnancy that might predict such transmission?
Investigators from the French Perinatal Cohort conducted a case-control study among HIV-infected women who received antiretrovirals during pregnancy, delivered full-term infants, had a viral load <500 copies/mL at delivery, and avoided breast-feeding. The 19 mothers whose infants became infected were considered case patients and were matched with 60 controls.…