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During acute and early HIV infection, high levels of viremia generate a massive immunologic response, which in turn contributes to rapid CD4-cell depletion. Given this process, researchers have proposed that combining antiretroviral therapy (ART) with agents such as cyclosporine that down-regulate immune activation might be a logical strategy for managing patients with acute HIV infection. Cyclosporine suppresses cellular immune responses via inhibition of interleukin-2–induced activation and proliferation. In anecdotal reports, the use of low-dose cyclosporine in newly infected individuals was associated with sustained improvements in CD4-cell counts and HIV-specific immune responses. Now, investigators have tested the potential effects of…