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The WHO recommends that first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings contain either efavirenz or nevirapine. These two drugs have similar virologic efficacy but distinct disadvantages. Nevirapine is associated with more treatment-limiting side effects, which could lead to earlier regimen switches and thus decrease long-term survival. However, efavirenz is potentially teratogenic, which is a major concern in many resource-limited settings, because women of childbearing age make up a large proportion of the HIV-infected population, fertility rates are high, and effective, affordable contraception is not widely available. Currently, nevirapine is preferred over efavirenz for women of childbearing age, but the results of…