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Renal scarring with subsequent hypertension and chronic renal failure are feared complications of acute pyelonephritis in infants and young children. The findings of this multicenter Italian study challenge the notion that delayed antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis increases the risk for kidney damage.
Researchers assessed the association between duration of fever before antibiotic treatment and incidence of renal scarring at 1 year in children aged 1 month to 7 years who had a first episode of acute pyelonephritis and were enrolled in a trial that compared two antibiotic therapies (oral amoxicillin-clavulanate vs. parenteral ceftriaxone plus oral amoxicillin-clavulanate). The researchers selected 287 children for analysis who had norma…