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S-100B — a calcium-binding protein in glial cells that is excreted through urine and has a serum half-life of approximately 30 minutes — has been demonstrated to be a good marker for brain injury in adults but has received little attention in children. These authors evaluated the diagnostic value of S-100B in 111 children (age range, 1–17 years) with suspected blunt closed head injury at an emergency department in Sweden. Serum and urine samples were obtained on arrival (median time from injury, 3.5 hours) and 6 hours later.
Patients were divided into two groups: 105 who were clinically normal or had normal computed tomography results and 6 who had abnormal CT results. The median interquartile serum level was significantly higher on arrival …