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In addition to preventing pneumococcal disease, immunization with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has reduced rates of disease caused by penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci (PNSP; see Journal Watch Infectious Diseases Oct 8 2004). Will this reduction in antibiotic resistance eventually wane? If so, would such waning be due to serotype switching of PNSP, new acquisition of resistance among susceptible clones, or expansion of nonvaccine serotypes of PNSP? To find out, investigators used serotyping and multilocus sequence typing to compare pneumococcal isolates from nasopharyngeal cultures of young children during two periods after the introduction of PCV7 (126 strains collected in 2001 and 222 collected in 2003–2004).
The …