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Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in much of Latin America. In a retrospective case-control study involving individuals who received care for this infection at a university hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil, between 1986 and 2004, researchers compared epidemiologic and clinical data for 53 patients with HIV coinfection and 106 controls who were not known to be immunosuppressed (including 89 documented as HIV-negative). Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis was confirmed by culture, histology, or serology. During the study period, 1.4% of AIDS patients at this hospital had paracoccidioidomycosis; 5.2% of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis tested HIV-positive. Potent combination antiretroviral therapy was introduced in Brazil in 1997.
HIV/Pa…