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Two oral attenuated rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq (a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine [RV5]) and Rotarix, have been licensed in the U.S. and other countries after trials demonstrated an efficacy of 85% to 98% against severe rotavirus disease. However, these trials were performed in near-ideal conditions, primarily in industrialized countries. Now, researchers have conducted a case-control evaluation of the association between RV5 vaccination and subsequent rotavirus infection at four hospitals in Nicaragua.
In October 2006, RV5 was introduced in Nicaragua through a manufacturer-sponsored, 3-year vaccine-donation program. Active surveillance from June 2007 to June 2008 identified 285 children with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus diarrhea who requir…