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One of the more devastating complications of HIV infection is neurocognitive impairment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically decreased the incidence of this complication — but can such therapy change the course of impairment after it has begun to develop? Investigators recently addressed this issue in a study of 37 HIV-infected patients with acquired neurocognitive deficits who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing at baseline and at 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after either initiating ART or changing to a new regimen after a previous one had failed.
A clinically meaningful improvement in neurocognitive functioning was seen in 13.5% of the cohort at 12 weeks, and in 32.1%, 40.9%, and 33.3% at 24, 36, and 48 weeks, respecti…