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Despite the availability of effective vaccines, typhoid fever remains a potentially life-threatening illness in the developing world. Although the WHO has recommended use of the Vi polysaccharide vaccine, uncertainties remain about its protective effect in preschool children and the feasibility of administration. To address these concerns, researchers conducted a phase IV effectiveness trial of this vaccine in India. The trial was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and coordinated by several agencies; some of the researchers have financial ties to the vaccine manufacturer.
Participants (slum-dwelling residents of Eastern Kolkata aged ≥24 months) were cluster-randomized by neighborhood to receive a single dose of either Vi vacci…