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In the early days of the AIDS epidemic, HIV-infected patients often had evidence of substantial brain involvement, including dementia. The prevalence of HIV-related brain effects has decreased markedly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, concerns remain about potentially subtle effects of HIV on the brain early in the course of disease.
Researchers have now performed quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing in 43 patients with sexually transmitted, early HIV disease and no underlying neurologic disease (88% men; mean duration of HIV infection, ≈1 year; mean CD4 count, 550 cells/mm3). Those patients were compared with 21 well-matched controls without HIV infection.
HIV-infected…