Outcomes for XDR-TB/HIV Coinfection in South Africa

Among patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (most with HIV coinfection), only 22% had successful outcomes 24 months after treatment initiation; 42% had died.

Treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is challenging, particularly in patients with HIV coinfection. Without adequate HIV and second-line TB treatment, mortality rates for persons coinfected with XDR-TB and HIV approach 100%. In South Africa — home to 73% of all XDR-TB cases reported globally to WHO between 2002 and 2009 — investigators assessed outcomes after 24 months of TB treatment.

The study involved adults aged ≥18 with laboratory-confirmed XDR-TB who were admitted to a public TB referral hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province in 2006–2007 for initiation of treatment. Outcomes — cure, treatment completion, treatment default, or death — were determined 24 months after therapy was started. In all, 114 patients (median…

Reviewing Author

Mary E. Wilson, MD

Disclosures

Consultant/Advisory BoardOneHealthTrust (formerly Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, and Policy); Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin

RoyaltiesUpToDate

Editorial BoardsJournal of Travel Medicine

Mary E. Wilson, MD

Disclosures

Consultant/Advisory BoardOneHealthTrust (formerly Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, and Policy); Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin

RoyaltiesUpToDate

Editorial BoardsJournal of Travel Medicine