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About 80% of all cardiovascular deaths occur in developing countries. Because developing countries have limited resources for prevention strategies, simpler and more affordable risk assessment that does not require laboratory testing could lead to better preventive medicine in those countries.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) — a prospective cohort study of U.S. participants (25–74 years old at baseline) without a history of cardiovascular disease (MI, heart failure, stroke, or angina) — yielded complete follow-up information on 6186 participants. Researchers calculated participants’ risks for first-time fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease events using both a laboratory-based model — which required standard…