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Th17 T cells, which produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), have been recognized as a unique subset of CD4+ T cells, distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. The authors of this review discuss the conditions that lead to differentiation of Th17 T cells, their relationship with regulatory T cells (Treg), and their probable role in autoimmunity and host defense.
Signaling by transforming growth factor β and interleukin-6 propels differentiation of this subset from naive T cells — perhaps after receiving signals from activated dendritic cells. Mice lacking Th17 T cells do not produce IL-17 and are protected from autoimmune diseases. Although they have come into the spotlight because of their control of autoimmunity, Th17 cells also generate and mobilize neutro…