These authors provide instructions for choosing the injection technique depending on the muscles involved.
“Gummy” smile occurs when a broad, toothy smile exposes the gum line of the upper teeth. Aesthetically, it is considered more attractive to show mostly teeth and little gum. Correction of gummy smile with botulinum toxin relies on relaxing the upper lip muscles, so that they descend to cover the gum.
These authors used a treatment algorithm that takes into account the surface area of exposed gum and the specific muscles involved to treat gummy smiles in 16 patients. They classified gummy smiles into four types — anterior, posterior, mixed, and asymmetric — and injected botulinum toxin A using a different injection technique for each type. Subjective improvements were seen in all patients. Two subjects had mild adverse events, one asymmetric …
Reviewing Author
DisclosuresConsultant / Advisory boardAmway
Editorial boards JAMA Dermatology; Dermatologic Surgery; Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology; Lasers in Medical Science; Skin Therapy Letter
Leadership positions in professional societies American Academy of Dermatology (Chair, Health Care Finance Committee); American College of Mohs Surgery (Board of Directors); American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (Board of Directors)
DisclosuresConsultant / Advisory boardAmway
Editorial boards JAMA Dermatology; Dermatologic Surgery; Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology; Lasers in Medical Science; Skin Therapy Letter
Leadership positions in professional societies American Academy of Dermatology (Chair, Health Care Finance Committee); American College of Mohs Surgery (Board of Directors); American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (Board of Directors)