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Some data suggest that adjuvant therapy after surgical resection for pancreatic cancer may improve long-term survival, but it is not used routinely because evidence from randomized studies is inconclusive. The European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer randomly assigned 289 patients who had undergone complete macroscopic resection of histologically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to receive postoperative chemoradiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone, combination chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy, or neither treatment (observation). Clinical features and characteristics of the tumors were similar among groups.
After a median follow-up of 47 months, 237 patients (82%) had died. Median survival times were 17 months in the observation gro…