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To evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of computed tomography colonography (CTC) and conventional colonoscopy, researchers used a Markov model of the natural history of colorectal cancer. Assumptions on the sensitivity of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) CTC were drawn from published literature; sensitivities were higher for 3-D than for 2-D modalities. No assumptions were included regarding risk for perforation or radiation from CTC.
Compared with no screening, both 2-D and 3-D CTC were cost-effective, regardless of whether CTC was performed at 5-year or 10-year intervals. Under the most cost-effective assumptions, the cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained with 3-D CTC every 10 years was US$8150.
Compared with conv…