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Helicobacter pylori infection is widespread in developing countries and is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. To assess 1-year outcomes of eradication and recurrence of H. pylori infection after initial eradication therapy, investigators conducted a follow-up analysis of a population-based cohort in Latin America (Lancet 2011; 378:507). In the initial study, 1463 residents of seven communities in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Mexico were randomized to receive one of three treatment regimens for H. pylori infection and tested for eradication with urea breath test (UBT) after 6 to 8 weeks.
At 1 year, H. pylori infection status was determined by UBT in 1340 participants for whom UBT data were available. Results were…