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This is a thorough overview of the wide variety of conditions that can result in unusual phenomena arising during the sleep period (parasomnias) in children and adolescents.
Once thought to be a unitary phenomenon (usually attributed to psychiatric conditions), parasomnias are actually due to numerous completely different conditions — most of which are not related to psychiatric disorders. Parasomnias can be categorized by the stage of sleep from which they arise: non-REM sleep (sleepwalking, confusional arousals, and sleep terrors); REM sleep (REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep paralysis, and nightmares); and those that do not respect sleep stage (enuresis, psychogenic dissociative disorder, exploding head syndrome, sleep-related eating dis…