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The authors of this study described nine patients who developed posttransplant acute limbic encephalitis (PALE) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. All subjects developed a characteristic syndrome within 2 weeks to 2 months after transplantation, with 1- to 3-day acute onset of anterograde amnesia, mild CSF pleocytosis, temporal lobe abnormalities on EEG, and MRI signal abnormalities in the limbic cortex. All but one patient developed hyponatremia. In all cases, encephalitis developed after engraftment. Although all patients developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), this complication was not temporally related to PALE onset. All patients except one were treated with antiviral and antiepileptic drugs. The CSF of six p…