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Numerous rehabilitation programs are available for treating patients who sustain mild-to-moderate hemiparesis after stroke, but patients with greater weakness have fewer therapeutic options. Now, researchers have conducted a randomized, multicenter, Veterans Affairs–sponsored trial of training aided by a robotic device that assists all large upper-extremity joints. This treatment was compared with either an equal intensity of formal therapy or usual care in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. A total of 127 patients with moderate-to-severe upper-extremity impairment (mean Fugl-Meyer [FM] score, 18.9) were randomized a mean of 4.7 years after stroke to 36 one-hour sessions over 12 weeks of either robotic-assisted therapy or formal ther…