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Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) may provide people with paralysis new tools to control external devices using intact cerebral neural activity, recorded from the cortical surface or from intracortical neuronal ensembles. But how does one decide where to place the electrodes? Traditionally, sensorimotor areas are chosen as source signals for BCIs because these areas naturally encode movement. However, in patients in whom motor areas are damaged or otherwise not available, researchers now show that higher cognitive areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) might provide an alternative signal source.
Three participants, who had been implanted with subdural electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrode grids for presurgical seizure focus…