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Given the known neurotoxic mechanisms of action of several chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., organophosphates and organochlorides), researchers conducted this longitudinal follow-up to the initial PHYTONER study to further investigate the long-term cognitive effects of chronic pesticide exposure. Of the original cohort of vineyard workers employed in agriculture for at least 20 years, 614 people (66% of the initial cohort; 80% men; mean age, 55) were evaluated an average of 4.7 years after enrollment with a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests. Chronic pesticide exposure categories, based on self-reported job calendars obtained at enrollment, were “directly exposed” (54.7%), “certainly indirectly exposed” (17.4%), “possibly in…