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Clinical investigators are interested in new biomarkers to characterize multiple sclerosis (MS) prognosis and to measure treatment response. In patients with MS, levels of neurofilament proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlate with clinical activity, magnetic resonance imaging measures of disease activity, and prognosis. Now, investigators have conducted an open-label study in 92 patients with highly active MS who decided to initiate natalizumab treatment. One third of the patients had a clinical relapse within 3 months before starting natalizumab, and 94% had been using another MS therapy. Recent use of intravenous glucocorticoids and the washout time after other MS therapies were not reported. CSF was collected for measurements of …