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Cerebrovascular disease risk factors are known to be associated with cognitive decline. Recent epidemiologic, cohort, and clinical-trial data support a role for physical activity in maintaining cognitive health. To assess the effect of physical activity on cognition in the setting of cerebrovascular disease, researchers conducted a retrospective subgroup analysis of more than 2800 female health professionals (age ≥65) with at least three vascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, body-mass index ≥30, family history of premature myocardial infarction). Participants reported mean one-year physical activity levels a mean of 3.5 years before an initial global cognitive evaluation. The cognitive evaluation was …