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Practitioners of meditation claim that it produces a sense of calm and emotional balance, but little is known about the neurobiologic basis of meditation or related changes in brain functioning. These investigators studied 8 Buddhist men who were long-term practitioners of meditation (10,000-50,000 hours of training) and 10 control subjects (1 week of training) during a specific meditative experience: a state of "unconditional loving-kindness and compassion." The investigators obtained EEG recordings during neutral and meditative states and subjected the EEGs to group and individual spectral analysis as well as detection of gamma-band phase synchrony. This synchrony is thought to correlate with the development of integrated distributed netw…