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Increased levels of cortisol have been associated with decreased hippocampal size and cognitive problems in studies of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and disorders such as Cushing disease (CD; hypercortisolemia due to a pituitary adenoma). Because CD can be treated successfully, investigators can examine these patients to determine the cognitive sequelae of elevated cortisol levels and of their return to normal levels. These researchers analyzed assessment data from 27 adult patients with CD treated successfully through surgery (mean age, 39; 23 women; illness duration, 0.5–10.0 years). The patients underwent presurgical MRIs and tests for plasma and urinary free cortisol levels, depression symptoms, and neuropsychological func…