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Two research groups have examined the incidence and costs of insomnia.
In a study in the U.K., 4885 randomly selected general-practice patients were mailed a questionnaire focusing on headache, but also addressing sleep, depression, anxiety, and pain. There were 2662 returned questionnaires (response rate, 56%). Of respondents, 37% endorsed at least one insomnia symptom on most nights (insomnia definition); 20% reported waking up feeling “tired and worn out” most days. After 12 months, 15% of those without insomnia at baseline had developed insomnia. Development of insomnia was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and pain complaints. Of those with baseline insomnia, 69% complained of insomnia at 12 months; persistence was asso…