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High rates of psychological symptoms in Gulf War veterans were reported shortly after the war in several studies, mostly questionnaire-based surveys. Ten years after the war, these researchers performed in-person structured psychiatric interviews and administered questionnaires to 1061 veterans deployed to the Gulf and 1128 nondeployed veterans.
Prevalence of war-era–onset mental disorders was higher in deployed veterans (18.1%) than in nondeployed veterans (8.9%), mostly due to prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (6.2% vs. 1.1%; odds ratio, 5.70), other anxiety disorders (4.3% vs. 1.4%; OR, 3.17), and major depression (7.1% vs. 4.1%; OR, 1.78).
Ten years after the war, prevalence remained significantly higher in deployed veterans fo…