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When lives are genuinely threatened, individuals might be expected to show increases both in vigilance to the sources of threat and in stress-related symptoms. In this first-of-a-kind study, Israeli investigators examined individuals' reactions to threat during the height of an actual conflict. The researchers recruited subjects from Israeli cities that varied in distance from Gaza (i.e., participants were outside rocket range or had 15 seconds, 30–45 seconds, or 60 seconds of time to seek safety [alert time]). During 6 days of frequent incoming rockets, researchers assessed participants' biases toward or away from threat (i.e., reaction times to threat or neutral words on a computer-based task) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an…