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Nicotine dependence, with its substantial medical morbidity and premature mortality, disproportionately affects mentally ill individuals. This randomized, controlled, cessation study included 943 patients (883 men) with severe military-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treated at 10 Veterans Affairs (VA) mental health clinics. Participants smoked at least 10 cigarettes on 15 of the previous 30 days, and 398 had current major depression. The smoking cessation treatment was typically integrated into PTSD treatment appointments; the sessions (5 planning, 3 follow-up, and monthly booster sessions) focused on setting a quit date, behavioral skills, and relapse prevention. Trained experts at each site instructed clinicians (psychologi…