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In a previous study (JAMA 2006; 295:1023), researchers reported moderate rates of mental illness among soldiers and marines who were assessed immediately after their return from the Iraq war. In a follow-up screening study, the same group was assessed at a median of 6 months after returning home. Among the 88,235 veterans who completed both sets of standardized written questionnaires and face-to-face structured interviews, 91% were men, 58% were married, roughly two thirds were still on active duty, and one third were in the National Guard or Army Reserve.
Among active-duty veterans, the prevalence of positive depression screens increased from 5% in the initial assessment to 10% in follow-up assessments, the prevalence of interpersonal confl…