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Personalized medicine includes precise prediction of disease risk based on novel biomarkers. An understanding of the relation between biomarkers and pathophysiology allows modification of the biomarker to lower disease risk. Two studies suggest that this precision is still not attainable for coronary artery disease (CAD).
In the first analysis, genome-wide association studies that involved nearly 32,000 Europeans were conducted to identify five genetic loci that are strongly associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Mutations at these sites were associated with substantial variations in CRP levels, and these variations were expected to be associated with substantial changes in risk for CAD. In a case-control study of 14,000 subjects w…