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In 1996, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults (age, ≥65; B recommendation), based largely on the theory that vision could be measured accurately with little likelihood of harm. In its 2009 update, the USPSTF found evidence that testing identifies impaired visual acuity caused by refractive error, but not early age-related macular degeneration or cataracts. As in 1996, the task force did not find evidence that screening and early intervention improve functional outcomes (or vision). Evidence was adequate that harms of early treatment for refractive errors, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts were small, but, counterintuitively, screening and intervention…