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Last year, conflicting results from two trials of prostate cancer screening were published: The European ERSPC showed a barely significant absolute reduction in prostate cancer mortality, and the U.S. PLCO showed no benefit from screening (JW Gen Med Mar 18 2009). Now, we have a randomized trial from Sweden; it originally was designed independently from the ERSPC, but eventually, 60% of its participants were included in the ERSPC.
In 1994, 32,000 men aged 50 to 64 lived in Göteborg, Sweden; 20,000 of these men were randomly selected and randomly assigned to receive either prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening every 2 years or no screening; 76% of screening invitees accepted. Initially, a PSA cutoff level of 3.4 ng/mL prompted further eva…