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The long-term implications of persistent asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria (hereafter, “hematuria”) are unknown, and no major guidelines recommend screening for it. Israeli investigators explored the implications in a retrospective cohort study of 1.2 million potential military recruits (age range, 16–25); records were linked to a national end-stage renal disease (ESRD) registry.
About 3700 participants (0.3%) exhibited hematuria (defined as ≥5 red blood cells per high-powered field on at least 3 different days, normal serum creatinine level, normal renal imaging, no known renal disease or risk factors including proteinuria, and confirmation by a nephrologist). During a mean follow-up of 22 years, 26 patients with hematuria (0.7%) …