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Low vitamin D levels are associated with adverse bone outcomes, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency is typically defined on the basis of its relation with bone metabolism. In this population-based, observational study, conducted in four U.S. communities, researchers evaluated the relation of 25(OH)D concentration and incidence of hip fracture, myocardial infarction (MI), cancer, and death. The primary outcome was a composite of all endpoints; levels were recorded across seasons.
The 1621 participants (mean age, 74) were followed for a median of 11 years. After adjustments for multiple covariates, people with season-specific 25(OH)D levels below the 29th percentile (approximately 20 ng/mL, or 50 nmol/L) had higher risk for the …