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With the rising prevalence of obesity in the U.S. and compelling data that suggest an association between obesity and prostate cancer mortality, interest is increasing in exploring underlying factors that could be responsible for this interaction. Compared with lean younger men, obese older men have lower serum levels of testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulins (SHBG) and higher serum levels of estradiol due to greater peripheral conversion of androstenedione to estrone and estradiol. A well-documented upsurge has occurred in androgen-deprivation therapy (primarily gonadotropin-releasing–hormone agonists; GnRH) for prostate cancer in the U.S. during the past 15 years. However, changes in sex-steroid levels in obese men who receive GnR…