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During the past several decades, many hypotheses about prostate cancer etiology have gained wide support, including family history, genetics, and consuming a Western diet. Elevated androgen levels have long been considered a likely risk factor, and many studies have been conducted in an attempt to characterize this attribute. For example, the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) — the results of which demonstrated a 25% lower rate of prostate cancer in men who were randomized to receive the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride — was designed, in part, to determine whether elevated androgen levels were associated with higher risk for developing disease (N Engl J Med 2003; 349:215).
In an unusual research effort, investigators who had publish…