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Although therapeutic advances have altered the nihilism that has characterized the management of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, none of the novel agents recently approved is curative for individuals with this disease. Therefore, efforts to reduce the risk for disease recurrence after nephrectomy in high-risk patients remain a high priority. During the cytokine era, agents with modest activity (interferon alfa and low- to intermediate-dose interleukin-2) in advanced disease showed no clinical benefit when tested in the adjuvant setting (J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:1214, and J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3133).
To test the efficacy of adjuvant vaccine therapy — an alternate approach of long-standing interest — investigators conducted an indust…