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In a 2005 phase III trial, Scandinavian investigators showed that at a median follow-up of 8.3 years, men with clinically localized prostate cancer who were randomized to radical prostatectomy had lower risk for prostate cancer mortality and for distant metastases than did those assigned to watchful waiting (JW May 20 2005). These researchers now report results after a median follow-up of 10.8 years. The 695 patients included in this intent-to-treat study had organ-confined disease, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level <50 ng/dL, and life expectancy >10 years; all were younger than 75 (mean age, 65). The primary endpoints were death from any cause, death from prostate cancer, and development of distant metastases. Of all patients, on…