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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is known to be both clinically and biologically heterogeneous, but the biological and molecular foundations of this heterogeneity have been poorly understood. Whereas many patients have been cured by single courses of combination chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy, others are primarily refractory to treatment or experience relapse following initial response. To identify gene expression signatures that correlate with survival, a multinational collaborative group used cDNA microarray technology to analyze pretreatment DLBCL biopsy specimens from 414 patients treated with either CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) or rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP). Individual genes …