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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is largely a disease of adults who are older than 55, but many older patients do not receive standard induction chemotherapy because they often respond poorly and experience excessive toxicity. To help find better treatments for this population, investigators tested the novel nucleoside analogue clofarabine in a phase II multicenter trial involving 112 patients aged ≥60 who had AML and had not been treated. Participants had one or more of the following unfavorable prognostic factors: age ≥70 (62% of patients), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 2 (22%), preexisting hematologic disorders (37%), or intermediate- or poor-risk leukemic cell karyotypes (96%); most patients (78%) had at least two un…