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Several large randomized trials have demonstrated that patients with locally advanced prostate cancer have improved outcomes when long-term (2- to 3-year) androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is combined with external beam radiotherapy. However, these studies typically involved short periods of neoadjuvant ADT and much longer periods of adjuvant ADT.
In an initial report of a phase III trial that evaluated relatively long periods of neoadjuvant ADT (Lancet Oncol 2005; 6:841), investigators in Australia and New Zealand randomized 802 men with locally advanced prostate cancer (T2b, T2c, T3, and T4 N0 M0) to receive radiotherapy alone or with 3 or 6 months of neoadjuvant ADT. Data from a median 5.9 years of follow-up suggested that 6 months of ne…