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Accelerated partial breast irradiation with brachytherapy following lumpectomy versus traditional whole-breast irradiation (WBI) has become a standard treatment for breast cancer despite minimal comparative data. Use of brachytherapy can shorten treatment duration from 6 weeks to 5 days, theoretically with less risk for toxicity to the heart and lungs because radiation exposure is limited to the lumpectomy site. However, some have postulated that risk for acute skin and wound complications is higher with this approach. Investigators conducted an observational study of Medicare claims data from 29,648 patients (age range, 66–94) with invasive breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery from January 2008 through June 2009 followed b…