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Many radiographic studies are available to evaluate infants with urinary tract infections (UTIs), including ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and renal scans, but few well-designed trials have examined the effects of these techniques on management and outcome. As part of a multicenter, randomized trial of different antibiotic regimens, 309 children (age range, 1 to 24 months) who had a first febrile UTI underwent ultrasound and a renal scan within 48 hours of diagnosis, VCUG 1 month later, and a second renal scan 6 months after that.
Ultrasound results were normal in 88% of children, and the identification of abnormalities, including dilated pelvis and pelvocaliectasis, did not lead to changes in management. The initial renal scan…