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Breast-feeding is the preferred feeding method for newborns, and the medical literature is filled with articles to support this. However, observational studies suggesting that breast-feeding is associated with lower rates of obesity than formula-feeding are subject to selection bias, publication bias, and residual confounding. In an effort to overcome these limitations, researchers used data for nearly 14,000 children from the Republic of Belarus who were enrolled in a randomized study to examine the effects of an educational intervention aimed at increasing the length and exclusivity of breast-feeding. Hospitals were randomized to provide the intervention (which emphasizes healthcare worker assistance with initiating and maintaining breast…