Loading...
The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) following a diagnosis of pyelonephritis remains controversial. In this multicenter trial from Italy, 100 children (age range, 1 day to 30 months) with VUR (grades II–IV) and a first diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (fever, positive urinalysis, and 2 positive urine cultures) were randomized to receive antibiotic prophylaxis (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) or no treatment for 2 years.
No statistically significant differences in recurrence of pyelonephritis (the primary outcome) were noted between the treatment and control groups during 2 years of prophylaxis (36% vs. 30%) or at follow-up 2 years after prophylaxis (2% vs. 4%). The presence of renal scars after …