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Primary care pediatricians often encounter children with small heads. The American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society released a guideline that focuses on the evaluation of newborns and children with microcephaly. Highlights of the guideline include the following:
Microcephaly is defined as head circumference >2 standard deviations (SDs) smaller than the mean for age and sex.
Severe microcephaly is defined as head circumference >3 SDs smaller than the mean for age and sex.
Neuroimaging might be useful in identifying structural causes in children with microcephaly (Level C evidence; possibly effective). This recommendation is based on data from six studies, involving 292 children with microcephaly, in…